In the building safety sector, the effects are less clear-cut. While core regulations have largely remained consistent, Midland Fire Security Services highlights growing challenges around sourcing and staffing.

“We’ve seen product delays due to regulatory divergence,” says Managing Director, Dan Sillito. “When it comes to labour, the bigger issue is the lack of training routes into trades. EU freedom of movement helped fill gaps, but in the long-term, the UK needs to invest in vocational skills — with or without EU membership.”

Brexit has made cross-border trade more complex — particularly for SMEs. Sean Paterson, founder of wellness brand Get Fung’d Up, says the challenges are ongoing.

“Every added form, fee and delay affects customer experience and slows our expansion plans. Rejoining would smooth out processes and restore confidence when trading with EU markets.”

Exporters across the UK have reported similar hurdles: customs paperwork, VAT rules, and new product compliance checks.

The UK’s vaping sector gained more autonomy post-Brexit, enabling health-focused initiatives like Swap to Stop. But core restrictions — including nicotine limits, tank sizes, and advertising — have mostly stayed in place.

Jonathan adds:

“Leaving the EU gave us flexibility, but rejoining could see us adopt updated Tobacco Products Directive rules — including potential flavour bans and stricter packaging. That could significantly shift how vaping is positioned within public health.”